Browse by sport
Topics
Each topic gathers the calculators and explainers for one sport, built on the same published standard. Jump to a sport, or browse the full calculator and article directories.
Golf handicapping
The World Handicap System is fully published and entirely deterministic. These tools implement the score differential, Handicap Index and Course Handicap formulas exactly as the rulebook states.
Calculators
Golf Handicap Index calculator
Handicap Index estimate from the lowest 8 of your most recent 20 differentials.
ToolCourse Handicap calculator
Course and Playing Handicap for any tee and match format.
ToolScore Differential calculator
A single round’s differential from AGS, Course Rating, Slope and PCC.
Explainers
How is a golf handicap calculated?
The full calculation with the WHS rule numbers and a worked example.
ReadWhat is a score differential?
The formula that normalises a round for course difficulty and conditions.
ReadCourse Handicap vs Handicap Index
Portable ability versus the strokes you get on the day.
ReadWhat is a good golf handicap?
Where your Index sits by skill level, cited and framed honestly.
ReadWhat is the PCC?
The daily −1 to +3 adjustment and why you cannot compute your own.
Running & racing
Pace, equivalents and age grading — the evergreen long tail of distance running, each built on a published formula with its limits stated.
Calculators
Running pace calculator
Pace, speed and finish time in min/km and min/mile.
ToolRace time predictor
Riegel equivalents with an adjustable exponent, plus a VDOT-style second opinion.
ToolAge grading calculator
Age-graded time and percentage from the WMA factor table.
Explainers
How to calculate running pace
Pace, speed and finish time from first principles.
ReadHow accurate is the Riegel predictor?
The 1.06 exponent and where it breaks down.
ReadHow age grading works
Age factors, percentages, and why table years disagree.
ReadMarathon pace chart
A full pace table by finish time, in both units.
Strength scoring
Closed-form arithmetic on published coefficient sets. We show the version in use and note that a score only compares against scores computed with the same set.
Calculators
Wilks calculator
Wilks score in kg or lb with a version selector.
ToolIPF GL points calculator
IPF GL points by division, with DOTS as an alternative output.
ToolOne-rep max calculator
Epley, Brzycki and Lombardi side by side, with the spread shown.
Explainers
How is a Wilks score calculated?
The polynomial coefficient and a worked example.
ReadWhat is a good Wilks score?
Community benchmark bands, framed as context.
ReadWilks vs DOTS vs IPF GL
Three systems, why they disagree, and which to use.
ReadHow to estimate your one-rep max
Three formulas and the spread between them.
Swimming
World Aquatics points from your time against a published base time — only meaningful against a stated table year, which we always show.
Calculators
Explainers
Cricket scoring
Run rate arithmetic done correctly — including the bowled-out rule most calculators get wrong. We reference DLS but never compute it.